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In "Observational Indicators of Fatigue During Cross Country," Professor Jane Williams discusses the Social License to Operate (SLO) and lack of research on the effects of fatigue on both horse and rider. Recent high-profile televised incidents involving fatigued horses have raised public and stakeholder concerns about horse welfare. The study uses recorded video footage to analyse both positive and negative behaviours as indicators of fatigue, aiming to better understand and measure this critical issue in equine sports.

Jane has extensive experience teaching in Higher Education across animal, equine, and veterinary fields. A qualified veterinary nurse with a Master's in Equine Science, she completed her doctorate on using surface electromyography (EMG) to assess muscle adaptation in racehorses and sport horses. Her professional interests include the scientific evaluation of equestrian management and training, rider impacts on horse-human relationships, and the reliability of industry practices. Jane co-edited Training for Equestrian Performance and The Complete Textbook of Animal Health and Welfare. She is a former Honorary President of the International Society of Equitation Science and a founding member of the Sporthorse Welfare Foundation. She actively collaborates with riders and trainers in showjumping, eventing, and racing to enhance horses' success and quality of life.